What is the term used for closures that do not allow air exchange with the wine?

The term referring to closures that do not allow air exchange with the wine is indeed inert closures. Inert closures are designed to create a seal that prevents oxygen from permeating into the bottle, thereby protecting the wine from oxidation and preserving its quality over time. These types of closures can include materials such as screw caps, synthetic corks, and other non-porous materials that ensure an airtight seal.

The function of inert closures is particularly important for wines that benefit from a more controlled aging process, where exposure to oxygen can negatively impact flavor and aroma profiles. In contrast, other types of closures, like natural corks or technical corks, can allow for some movement of oxygen, which can be desirable in certain types of wine but can also risk spoilage if not managed properly.

Understanding the role of different closures in winemaking helps producers make informed decisions based on the desired characteristics of the wine and the intended consumer experience.