What does 'skin contact' refer to during the fermentation of white wines?

'Skin contact' during the fermentation of white wines specifically refers to the duration that the grape juice remains in contact with the grape skins. This process is integral to the winemaking method because it allows the extraction of flavors, aromas, and phenolic compounds from the skins, which can enhance the complexity and mouthfeel of the finished wine.

In white winemaking, minimizing skin contact is typical since it can lead to unwanted tannins and color; however, some styles, such as skin-contact whites (often referred to as "orange wines"), intentionally extend this period to achieve particular flavor profiles and textures. This technique can influence the aromatic qualities of the wine and contribute to its overall character.

The other options relate to different aspects of wine production but do not accurately describe skin contact in the context of fermentation.